Computer software, or simply software, is a collection of data or computer instructions that tell the computer how to work. This is in contrast to physical hardware, from which the system is built and actually performs the work.They are mainly two types of software in the world.
1.System software
2.Application Software.
System Software:
System software is software designed to provide a platform for other software. Examples of system software include operating systems like macOS, GNU/Linux and Microsoft Windows, computational science software, game engines, industrial automation, and software as a service applications.
The picture above shows the most common System softwrae
Application Software:
Application software is a program or group of programs designed for end users. Examples of an application include a word processor, a spreadsheet, an accounting application, a web browser, an email client, a media player, a file viewer, simulators, a console game, a photo editor or a UO NARCIS
etc.
The picture above shows the most common various type of application software
Fuzzy Logic is a form of computing where the real value may be between 1 and 0 but never either of them. It is mainly about"truths and degrees" than usual "True and False". It is a form of many-valued logic where the value can be abstract.The idaes of Fuzzy Logic was first used by DR. Lotfi Zadeh of University of California in the 1960s. He as working on the problem of computer understanding of natural language.Natural language (like most other activities in life and indeed the universe) is not easily translated into the absolute terms of 0 and 1. (Whether everything is ultimately describable in binary terms is a philosophical question worth pursuing, but in practice much data we might want to feed a computer is in some state in between and so, frequently, are the results of computing.) It may help to see fuzzy logic as the way reasoning really works and binary or Boolean logic is simply a special case of it. Fuzzy Logic contains 0 and 1 as an extreme case of truth(like a state of matter) and also includes various state of truths in between 1 and 0.It is closer to how our brain works and it. We aggregate data and form a number of partial truths which we aggregate further into higher truths which in turn, when certain thresholds are exceeded, cause certain further results such as decision making.
Classical logic only permits conclusions which are either true or false. However, there are also propositions with variable answers, such as one might find when asking a group of people to identify a color. In such instances, the truth appears as the result of reasoning from inexact or partial knowledge in which the sampled answers are mapped on a spectrum.Both degrees of truth and probabilities range between 0 and 1 and hence may seem similar at first, but fuzzy logic uses degrees of truth as a mathmatical model of vaguness, while probability is a mathematical model of ignorance
The process of Fuzzy Logic are
Fuzzify all input values into fuzzy membership functions.
Execute all applicable rules in the rule base to compute the fuzzy output functions.
De-fuzzify the fuzzy output functions to get "crisp" output values.
Fuzzification is the process of assigning the numerical input of a system to fuzzy sets with some degree of membership. This degree of membership may be anywhere within the interval [0,1]. If it is 0 then the value does not belong to the given fuzzy set, and if it is 1 then the value completely belongs within the fuzzy set. Any value between 0 and 1 represents the degree of uncertainty that the value belongs in the set. These fuzzy sets are typically described by words, and so by assigning the system input to fuzzy sets, we can reason with it in a linguistically natural manner.
Fuzzy logic works with membership values in a way that mimics Boolean logic. To this end, replacements for basic operators AND, OR, NOT must be available. There are several ways to this. A common replacement is called the Zadeh operators.
For TRUE/1 and FALSE/0, the fuzzy expressions produce the same result as the Boolean expressions. As it is used in many day to day critical concept.
References
Novák, V.; Perfilieva, I.; Močkoř, J. (1999). Mathematical principles of fuzzy logic. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic.
Hi I am S M Tashdid Hassan a student at UTM. I cant ever imagine in my Wildest dream that one day I will get an opportunity to study in a foreign nation let alone in Malaysia. This is my first time stepping outside of my home country Bangladesh. This is my first blog about my life as a student in Malaysia.
UTM MAIN GATE
After my final exam father told me that he would like me study abroad. At first I did not and could not decide to go to a new nation for higher study. But I have a dream of becoming a prominent Game Developer in he world. in order to accomplish that I have to study in a University with a good computer subject. And sooner and later a friend of mine told me about UTM. UTM stands for UNIVERSITY TEKNOLOIGI MALAYSIA a prominent university n Malaysia. After hearing about I decided to apply for it. To take that so called first step that every motivational talk about in their speech.
And from there I started my journey as a international student. I am first boy from my family to go for higher studies in a Malaysia.Malaysia is a Country with a rich culture and a country with a vast ecological elements. The day would eventually come when I shall depart for Malaysia and it was 27 january.
After a about 4 hour flight I with my father found ourselves in KLA airport.
KLA airport
From there we started our journey by bus. The journey was rather long. I did not realize that Malaysia is a large country for it took us 7 hour to reach johor.
After a very long journey we reached Johor Bahru and booked ourselves a hotel few days later I registered in UTM and started my foundation classes when classes kicked off. AS far as I can say Malaysia is a wonderful country. Though at first I could not eat food properly as I am not accustomed to Malaysian food yet. there are many breathtaking places in Malaysia specially in Johor Bahru where many high rising mountans can be seen. I am having a wonderful time here in Malaysia.
UTM is every thing I hoped for it to be.The teacher here are very helpful and cooprative.
Johor Bahru
UTM(UNIVERSITY TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA)
I HOPE AND PRAY THAT I MAY SPENT MY LIFE AS A INTERNATIONAL STUDENT CHARMINGLY.
